If we speak about this in generalities, mining is the process of production (or creation) of bitcoins. This term is also used as the name of the process of gold "production", for example. The only difference is that in this case, all actions are performed in the virtual world, because we are talking about Cryptocurrency.
Today cryptocurrency mining is the only way to get digital currency. This process is carried out by means of solving mathematical problems performed by computer. "Production of bitcoins" can be considered synonymous with "cryptocurrency mining".
What is cryptocurrency mining? The process is as follows: computers that can be in completely opposite points of the globe, solve mathematical tasks that result in emergence of Bitcoin. Cryptocurrency mining has absolutely no centralized control. However, all the information about the transactions is logged. This data is transmitted to miners, and from a million of existing combinations they choose such a hash that would be is suitable for all transactions. The entire unit with transactions closes only when the hash was guessed and miners can proceed to the next.
